{
  "name": "StateCalc Vehicle Registration Costs by State",
  "description": "Source-backed state vehicle registration, title, and purchase-tax costs for the same $32,000 reference passenger car.",
  "methodology": "Each row executes the same encoded official state formula used by its linked StateCalc calculator for a $32,000 passenger car. Purchase tax uses only the state-level rate; no local rate is guessed. Other first-year fees is the exact balancing component between the formula total and the separately exported annual renewal, title, and purchase-tax values; depending on the state it can include plates, initial-registration charges, excise/property taxes, statutory surcharges, or other encoded first-year amounts. Rows with an incomplete locally set tax are marked not comparable and excluded from rankings.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "attribution_url": "https://statecalc.com/data/vehicle-registration-costs/",
  "version": "2026-08-16.1",
  "generated_at": "2026-08-16T15:18:40.055Z",
  "generated_at_description": "Static file generation time; not a source verification date.",
  "data_modified": "2026-08-16",
  "row_count": 49,
  "comparable_count": 49,
  "rows": [
    {
      "state": "Montana",
      "abbreviation": "MT",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/montana-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 217,
      "title_fee": 12,
      "purchase_tax": 0,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 229,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Montana Code Annotated & Montana MVD",
      "source_url": "https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/light-vehicle-registration-and-fees/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Hawaii",
      "abbreviation": "HI",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/hawaii-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 391.5,
      "title_fee": 10,
      "purchase_tax": 0,
      "other_first_year_fees": 5,
      "first_year_total": 406.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Honolulu Motor Vehicle Inquiry, Honolulu DCS & Hawaii Revised Statutes",
      "source_url": "https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/motor-vehicle-registration/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-15"
    },
    {
      "state": "South Carolina",
      "abbreviation": "SC",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/south-carolina-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 20,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 500,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 535,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles",
      "source_url": "https://dmv.sc.gov/Fees",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Oregon",
      "abbreviation": "OR",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/oregon-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 68,
      "title_fee": 106,
      "purchase_tax": 160,
      "other_first_year_fees": 230,
      "first_year_total": 564,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Oregon DMV & Oregon Department of Revenue (ORS 320)",
      "source_url": "https://www.oregon.gov/odot/dmv/pages/fees/vehicle.aspx",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-16"
    },
    {
      "state": "New Hampshire",
      "abbreviation": "NH",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/new-hampshire-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 624,
      "title_fee": 35,
      "purchase_tax": 0,
      "other_first_year_fees": 8,
      "first_year_total": 667,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "New Hampshire RSA (gc.nh.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/261/261-153.htm",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Alabama",
      "abbreviation": "AL",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/alabama-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 23,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 640,
      "other_first_year_fees": 1.5,
      "first_year_total": 679.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Alabama Department of Revenue",
      "source_url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/motor-vehicle/license-plate-and-registration-information/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "North Carolina",
      "abbreviation": "NC",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/north-carolina-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 59.85,
      "title_fee": 66.75,
      "purchase_tax": 960,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1086.6,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "North Carolina General Statutes (§20-87, §20-85) & NCDOT",
      "source_url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-87.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "New Mexico",
      "abbreviation": "NM",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/new-mexico-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 76,
      "title_fee": 3,
      "purchase_tax": 1280,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1359,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Official NMOneSource Chapters 7/66 + NM MVD",
      "source_url": "https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa-unanno/en/18569/1/document.do",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-15"
    },
    {
      "state": "South Dakota",
      "abbreviation": "SD",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/south-dakota-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 76,
      "title_fee": 10,
      "purchase_tax": 1280,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1366,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "South Dakota Department of Revenue & South Dakota Codified Laws",
      "source_url": "https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/all-vehicles-title-fees-registration/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Virginia",
      "abbreviation": "VA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/virginia-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 50.75,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 1328,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1393.75,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Code of Virginia & Virginia DMV",
      "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter24/section58.1-2402/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Missouri",
      "abbreviation": "MO",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/missouri-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 33.25,
      "title_fee": 8.5,
      "purchase_tax": 1352,
      "other_first_year_fees": 9,
      "first_year_total": 1402.75,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Missouri Department of Revenue",
      "source_url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/fees.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "New York",
      "abbreviation": "NY",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/new-york-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 56.5,
      "title_fee": 50,
      "purchase_tax": 1280,
      "other_first_year_fees": 25,
      "first_year_total": 1411.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "New York DMV (Form MV-202) & NYS Dept. of Taxation and Finance",
      "source_url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/forms/mv202.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-01-01"
    },
    {
      "state": "Louisiana",
      "abbreviation": "LA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/louisiana-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 32,
      "title_fee": 68.5,
      "purchase_tax": 1424,
      "other_first_year_fees": 8,
      "first_year_total": 1532.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles",
      "source_url": "https://expresslane.la.gov/omv/vehicles/vehicle-registration-title-plate-fees/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Oklahoma",
      "abbreviation": "OK",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/oklahoma-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 96,
      "title_fee": 11,
      "purchase_tax": 400,
      "other_first_year_fees": 1058.5,
      "first_year_total": 1565.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Service Oklahoma",
      "source_url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/fees.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Colorado",
      "abbreviation": "CO",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/colorado-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 663,
      "title_fee": 7.2,
      "purchase_tax": 928,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1598.2,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Colorado DOR, Boulder County Motor Vehicle & Colorado Parks and Wildlife",
      "source_url": "https://bouldercounty.gov/records/motor-vehicle/additional-motor-vehicle-resources/fees-and-taxes/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-15"
    },
    {
      "state": "Mississippi",
      "abbreviation": "MS",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/mississippi-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 27.75,
      "title_fee": 9,
      "purchase_tax": 1600,
      "other_first_year_fees": 1.25,
      "first_year_total": 1638,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Mississippi Department of Revenue",
      "source_url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-frequently-asked-questions",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "North Dakota",
      "abbreviation": "ND",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/north-dakota-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 93,
      "title_fee": 5,
      "purchase_tax": 1600,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1698,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "North Dakota DOT form MV-2 & North Dakota Century Code",
      "source_url": "https://www.dot.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Motor%20Vehicle%20Services/mvd-2-passenger-fee-2026.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Delaware",
      "abbreviation": "DE",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/delaware-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 40,
      "title_fee": 35,
      "purchase_tax": 1680,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1755,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Delaware Code & Delaware DMV",
      "source_url": "https://dmv.de.gov/Common/DMVFees/index.shtml",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Ohio",
      "abbreviation": "OH",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/ohio-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 44.25,
      "title_fee": 18,
      "purchase_tax": 1840,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0.25,
      "first_year_total": 1902.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles Fee Chart & Ohio Department of Taxation",
      "source_url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/doc-fees.aspx",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-15"
    },
    {
      "state": "Wisconsin",
      "abbreviation": "WI",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/wisconsin-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 85,
      "title_fee": 214.5,
      "purchase_tax": 1600,
      "other_first_year_fees": 12,
      "first_year_total": 1911.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Wisconsin DOT form MV1 & Wisconsin DOR",
      "source_url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/formdocs/mv1.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Kentucky",
      "abbreviation": "KY",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/kentucky-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 21,
      "title_fee": 9,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1950,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Kentucky county clerk (Fayette County Clerk) & Kentucky Revised Statutes",
      "source_url": "https://fayettekyclerk.gov/vehicles/titling-and-registering-a-brand-new-vehicle/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Wyoming",
      "abbreviation": "WY",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/wyoming-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 660,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 1280,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1955,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Wyoming Statutes Title 31 & Title 39 (Wyoming Legislature)",
      "source_url": "https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "West Virginia",
      "abbreviation": "WV",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/west-virginia-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 50,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1985,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "West Virginia Code & WV DMV current title/fee guidance",
      "source_url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/titles",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-07"
    },
    {
      "state": "Iowa",
      "abbreviation": "IA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/iowa-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 364,
      "title_fee": 25,
      "purchase_tax": 1610,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 1999,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Iowa Code ch. 321 (Iowa Legislature)",
      "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.109.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Idaho",
      "abbreviation": "ID",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/idaho-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 69,
      "title_fee": 14,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2003,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Idaho Statutes (legislature.idaho.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title49/T49CH4/SECT49-402/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "abbreviation": "PA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/pennsylvania-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 48,
      "title_fee": 72,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2040,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT, form MV-70S) & PA Department of Revenue",
      "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/penndot/documents/public/dvspubsforms/bmv/bmv-forms/mv-70s.pdf",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-14"
    },
    {
      "state": "Vermont",
      "abbreviation": "VT",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/vermont-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 89,
      "title_fee": 42,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2051,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Vermont Statutes Online (23 V.S.A. & 32 V.S.A.)",
      "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/007/00361",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Texas",
      "abbreviation": "TX",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/texas-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 78.25,
      "title_fee": 33,
      "purchase_tax": 2000,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2111.25,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Texas DMV (TxDMV) & Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts",
      "source_url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-01-01"
    },
    {
      "state": "Arkansas",
      "abbreviation": "AR",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/arkansas-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 25,
      "title_fee": 10,
      "purchase_tax": 2080,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2115,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration",
      "source_url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/vehicle-tag-renewal/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Kansas",
      "abbreviation": "KS",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/kansas-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 30,
      "title_fee": 10,
      "purchase_tax": 2080,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2120,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Kansas Statutes (ksrevisor.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_001_0043.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Michigan",
      "abbreviation": "MI",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/michigan-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 198,
      "title_fee": 14.5,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2132.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Michigan Compiled Laws (legislature.mi.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=MCL-257-801",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Utah",
      "abbreviation": "UT",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/utah-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 204.5,
      "title_fee": 6,
      "purchase_tax": 1952,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2162.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Utah Code (le.utah.gov) & Utah DMV",
      "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title59/Chapter2/C59-2-S405.1_2026010120250507.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "New Jersey",
      "abbreviation": "NJ",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/new-jersey-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 59,
      "title_fee": 60,
      "purchase_tax": 2120,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2239,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission & NJ Treasury",
      "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/regfees.htm",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Connecticut",
      "abbreviation": "CT",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/connecticut-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 169,
      "title_fee": 25,
      "purchase_tax": 2032,
      "other_first_year_fees": 45,
      "first_year_total": 2271,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Connecticut DMV & Office of Policy and Management",
      "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/resources/dmv-fees",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Georgia",
      "abbreviation": "GA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/georgia-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 21,
      "title_fee": 18,
      "purchase_tax": 2240,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2279,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Georgia Department of Revenue",
      "source_url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/vehicle-taxes-title-ad-valorem-tax-tavt-and",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Florida",
      "abbreviation": "FL",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/florida-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 33.6,
      "title_fee": 77.25,
      "purchase_tax": 1920,
      "other_first_year_fees": 255.5,
      "first_year_total": 2286.35,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) fee schedule & Florida Statutes",
      "source_url": "https://www.flhsmv.gov/fees/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Indiana",
      "abbreviation": "IN",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/indiana-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 36.35,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 2240,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2291.35,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles",
      "source_url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/vehicle-registration-fees-and-taxes/excise-tax-information/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Illinois",
      "abbreviation": "IL",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/illinois-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 151,
      "title_fee": 165,
      "purchase_tax": 2000,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2316,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Illinois Compiled Statutes (ilga.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/ftp/ILCS/Ch%200625/Act%200005/062500050K3-806.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Washington",
      "abbreviation": "WA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/washington-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 65,
      "title_fee": 15,
      "purchase_tax": 2240,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2320,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Revised Code of Washington (app.leg.wa.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.17.365",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Tennessee",
      "abbreviation": "TN",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/tennessee-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 29,
      "title_fee": 14,
      "purchase_tax": 2284,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2327,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Tennessee DOR tax-rate and lien-notation pages; Tennessee SOS Public Chapters 181/1003; Metro Nashville vehicle fee schedule",
      "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/taxes/sales-and-use-tax/due-dates-and-tax-rates.html",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-15"
    },
    {
      "state": "Arizona",
      "abbreviation": "AZ",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/arizona-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 545.6,
      "title_fee": 4,
      "purchase_tax": 1792,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2341.6,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Arizona Revised Statutes (azleg.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/05801.htm",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Nebraska",
      "abbreviation": "NE",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/nebraska-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 576.5,
      "title_fee": 10,
      "purchase_tax": 1760,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2346.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Nebraska Revised Statutes (nebraskalegislature.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-3,187",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Rhode Island",
      "abbreviation": "RI",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/rhode-island-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 50,
      "title_fee": 53.5,
      "purchase_tax": 2240,
      "other_first_year_fees": 11.5,
      "first_year_total": 2355,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Rhode Island General Laws & RI DMV",
      "source_url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-6/31-6-1.htm",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "Maryland",
      "abbreviation": "MD",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/maryland-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 120.5,
      "title_fee": 200,
      "purchase_tax": 2080,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2400.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Maryland Transportation Code (mgaleg.maryland.gov)",
      "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=13-912&enactments=False",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Maine",
      "abbreviation": "ME",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/maine-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 803,
      "title_fee": 33,
      "purchase_tax": 1760,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2596,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles & Maine Revenue Services",
      "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/vehicles/registration-fees",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Minnesota",
      "abbreviation": "MN",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/minnesota-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 522,
      "title_fee": 14,
      "purchase_tax": 2200,
      "other_first_year_fees": 19.5,
      "first_year_total": 2755.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Minnesota Statutes (Office of the Revisor of Statutes)",
      "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168.013",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-03"
    },
    {
      "state": "Nevada",
      "abbreviation": "NV",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/nevada-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 593,
      "title_fee": 0,
      "purchase_tax": 2192,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2785,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Nevada DMV & Nevada Revised Statutes 371",
      "source_url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    },
    {
      "state": "California",
      "abbreviation": "CA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/california-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 410,
      "title_fee": 28,
      "purchase_tax": 2320,
      "other_first_year_fees": 37,
      "first_year_total": 2795,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "California DMV & California Legislative Information (Vehicle Code / Revenue & Taxation Code / Health & Safety Code)",
      "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/registration-fees/",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-01-01"
    },
    {
      "state": "Massachusetts",
      "abbreviation": "MA",
      "state_page_url": "https://statecalc.com/vehicle-registration/massachusetts-vehicle-registration-calculator/",
      "reference_vehicle_value": 32000,
      "annual_renewal": 817.5,
      "title_fee": 75,
      "purchase_tax": 2000,
      "other_first_year_fees": 0,
      "first_year_total": 2892.5,
      "comparable": true,
      "caveat": null,
      "source_name": "Massachusetts RMV fee schedule & M.G.L. c.60A / c.64H",
      "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-registry-of-motor-vehicles-fees",
      "source_last_verified": "2026-08-04"
    }
  ]
}